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In traditional usage, a global public good is a public good available on more-or-less worldwide basis. There are many challenges to the traditional definition, which have far-reaching implications in the age of globalization. ==Definition== In traditional usage, a global public good is a good that has the three following properties:〔Kaul, Inge, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern (eds.) (1999). ''Global public goods: international cooperation in the 21st century''. NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 019-5130529 ((PDF available.) )〕 * It is non-rivalrous. Consumption of this good by anyone does not reduce the quantity available to other agents. * It is non-excludable. It is impossible to prevent anyone from consuming that good. * It is available more-or-less worldwide. This concept is an extension of American economist Paul Samuelson's classic notion of public goods〔 See also 〕 to the economics of globalization. The traditional theoretical concept of public goods does not distinguish with regard to the geographical region in which a good may be produced or consumed. However, the term "global public good" has been used to mean a public good which is non-rivalrous and non-excludable throughout the whole world, as opposed to a public good which exists in just one national area. Knowledge has been used as a classic example of a global public good.〔Joseph E. Stiglitz, "Knowledge as a Global Public Good." In Kaul, Inge, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern (eds.) (1999). ''Global public goods: international cooperation in the 21st century''. NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 019-5130529〕 In some academic literature, it has become associated with the concept of a common heritage of mankind.〔Baslar, Kemal (1998). ''The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law''. Martinus Nijhoff Pubs. ISBN 978-90-411-0505-9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Global public good」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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